On February 25, 1925, the Guna
(or Kuna, depending on who you talk to), an indigenous group along the
Caribbean coast of Panama, won their independence. For years before their culture and traditions
had been repressed by the Panamanian government and the Catholic Church, and finally
they came together and fought against their oppressors. Eighty-eight years later, they are still
widely discriminated against, but their culture thrives and their traditions
live on within their semi-autonomous comarca. Every February 25, they remember their
independence day through re-enactments, ceremonies and celebrations.
88 years later, I found myself
sleeping on the concrete floor of a stranger’s house with 27 other volunteers
the night before a reputedly grueling two-day hike north across the country to
celebrate the Guna independence day on the island of Ustupo. Before dinner a veteran related every
difficult part of the hike, detailing steep climbs, multiple river crossings,
and warning of no contingency plan should someone pass out. As it turned out, all of what we had heard
was true. It was one of the most
difficult things I have done (though not as bad as climbing up Volcán Barú) and
definitely one of the most rewarding. We
started early the first day with high spirits, but as the dirt road cutting
through pastures turned into a winding trail through the jungle, I began to
question my endurance. By the time we
made it to lunch in Nurra, the capital of the Comarca Guna de Wargandi, I was a
little concerned. We had repeatedly gone
up hills, without, somehow, going back down, and I was having a hard time
keeping up with the rest. Despite my
best efforts to keep my backpack light (including a last-minute purge of half my
clothes), the weight was slowing me down and wearing me out. Of course, I was not alone in my suffering,
and there really was no turning back now, so I took heart and sucked it up and
kept going.
The trail was beautiful. We walked among tall, fat trees centuries old
and beneath a thick canopy of interwoven leaves far above. Large palms and bright green leaves the size
of a chess boards continually smacked us in the face as we trudged through the
well-preserved forest of the Comarca. We
had beautiful views of the mountains looming before us on our journey, and the
water in the river was crystal clear as we filled up our water bottles and
learned to love or hate the taste of iodine tablets. As the day began to close on that first day,
I learned to distrust our guides, who, through a desire to keep our spirits up,
insistently told us for three hours that we were only half an hour away. So, when we did finally arrive at the river
bank that was to be our campground for the night, I dropped my bags in the
first spot available and jumped in the river without a thought for my clothes.
Within a few minutes, we were
all in the river, washing our sweaty and dirt-stained clothes, soaping up and
rinsing off, and just relaxing in the cool, clear water. It was heaven! The beauty of water, I find, is that it supports
your weight and lets your feet take a break, and that night, I relished in
it. Eventually, we cooked an excellent
pasta dinner (well, I mostly helped to eat it, kudos to the chefs!) and allowed
ourselves to forget the trials of today and what was to come tomorrow.
Although we aimed to leave at
7am the next day, we didn’t get out until 8, as we had all probably expected
would happen. Today, the second day, I
did much better. I still managed to be
one of the last people, and by the time the day was over I could barely lift my
legs, but as the weight of my pack numbed my back and my hips, movement became
mechanical and I could keep up a little better.
The second day we had to cross the cordillera,
or the mountainous backbone of the country.
This included a steep trail infamously named the miranalgas, because on the way up all you can see is the nalga (butt) of the person in front of
you. Luckily, it was our lot to climb
down rather than up, and only one member of my group slipped, sliding down in
the half the time it took the rest of us to walk down. For the second half of the day we traded out
hills for the river, and spent about 30% of the afternoon walking through water
in our hiking boots. Eventually, our
path led us out of the forest and into fields of bananas and coffee, providing
a more level ground for our torn up feet, and finally to the coast.
We could hear the ocean long
before we could see it. We walked
through mangroves, glancing hopefully ahead trying to see the ocean, which
would signify the end of our journey.
Finally, it appeared amidst gnarled mangrove roots jutting out of the
brown water – a welcome sight, if not as majestic as we imagined. There was a boat waiting to take us to the
island where we would be staying for the next three nights, but since the
mangroves are generally shallow, we had to wade out into the muddy water to
catch our ride.
The island was remarkable. Imagine a maze of bamboo houses with bamboo
fenced-in yards lining streets of wide walkways. It was a city of bamboo! Of course, this meant that the breeze could
pass more easily through the houses, and since the roofs were made of palm
leaves instead of tin, the island was much cooler than a city of concrete would
have been. There were of course concrete
buildings, many of which were poorly built and subsequently abandoned, so that
the island was dotted with two- and three-story concrete ruins rising amongst
clumps of bamboo structures. The island
was filled with houses, tiendas,
bakeries and basketball courts. There
was a school that went from elementary all the way to university level, two
restaurants, a town center and oh so many children. The traditional Guna dress for the women is a
mola blouse, a skirt of fabric
wrapped around their waist, and a bright red scarf over their head, and while
all the older women wear this outfit, the children ran around in shorts and
shirts, and sometimes less.
Of course, many of these wonders
we did not discover until the morning after our arrival. During our stay we would be sleeping in one
of the dilapidated two-story concrete mammoths, and our hostess, who lived in
the bamboo house attached to ours, told us which parts of the wooden floor we
should not step on and showed us our bucket bath shower downstairs. Spots claimed and a shower line formed, we
were all prepared to eat, sleep, and save exploration for the morrow. One of the wonders we did discover that night,
however, was our latrine. It is the
custom of the Guna to do all of their business over the ocean, where it will be
tidily taken care of by nature, so the latrine we were allowed to use was a
two-minute walk away from the house on the sea.
The sun had already set, the moon was full, and the tide was coming in,
so the leaning wooden latrine standing above the dark surging ocean impressed
me less with a sense of security than with awe.
Since the coast of the island
was lined with latrines, swimming was not really an option, so the next day I
spent recovering my calories and getting to know the island. While we were there, our breakfasts and
lunches were provided for free. We all
arrived at the community house and waited as individual families came and took
groups of 2 to 6 to their houses to eat with them. While many of the Guna are shy, just as many
spoke Spanish, or even English, and wanted to get to know us and what we
thought of their home, their culture, and their celebration – more than once I
was offered free bananas to eat. By the end
of our stay I had sampled two of the Guna’s main exports – fresh coconuts and molas, the handmade fabric artwork the
women make of geometric designs and representations of nature.
Before we had arrived, my fellow
hikers had mentioned that there is a high rate of albinism in the Guna, a fact
that did not fully hit me until we were on the island and I saw for
myself. Apparently they are considered
special, to have been touched by the moon or the sun (there was some
disagreement between the accounts), and I had expected white hair, white skin
and red eyes (the only albinos I have ever seen are rats and rabbits). I was therefore completely amazed to find
that the Guna albinos have blonde hair, pale or sunburned skin, and light eyes
– in essence, like me. If it weren’t for
their Guna features, their dress, and the fact that they spoke Guna, I would
have taken them for gringos. How to explain how I felt? I have spent all my lif thinking of blonde
hair and light eyes as a normal thing, and here I discovered albinos were not
too different. After a year of being the
only person not latina in my community, I finally had a glimpse into what my
community sees when they see me.
The actual Independence Day was
the second day of our stay on the island, and the morning dawned with a
parade. All the women wore their traditional
dress, and all the men and the volunteers who did not have the outfit wore a
red shirt to represent the blood that was shed.
We walked all over the island, ending in a yard where they re-enacted
the war. The day before they had played
out all the acts of oppression the Panamanians had done against the Guna, but
on the Independence Day they showed the Guna rising up and out-smarting their oppressors
by attacking them on a holiday when the soldiers were all drunk. The Guna playing the Latinos dressed the part,
spiking their hair and painting black facial hair (the Guna themselves do not
have any facial hair, an excellent adaptation to living in this humid
climate).
Once the war was won, everyone
moved to the casa de chicha that held
giant pots of chicha fuerte, or
fermented sugar cane juice with cacao.
And the chicha was bien fuerte.
On the women’s side of the house, female descendents of those who had
died in the war brought around small calabash bowls filled with the chicha to
women waiting to drink. The men, on the
other side, had to form lines of eight and dance and shout up to the big pots
where they were each given a bigger calabash bowl of chicha, which they had to
chug. As one can imagine, after about 15
minutes everyone, including the small old ladies and the towering gringos were having a grand old time
happily singing and dancing around.
Since the festivities started early, around 11am the chicha ran out and
everyone staggered away in search of a carb-filled lunch and a soft place to
crash. We were told the casa de chicha would open again at 4pm,
but none of the volunteers were feeling up to it and chose instead a hearty
meal.
The following day was our day of
departure. Method of travel: a 5 hour
boat ride leaving at 6am, followed by a 2 hour car ride to Panama City. Luckily, it did not rain and the waters were
not as rough as years before, and I am happy to say no one on my boat got seasick. We zoomed between other islands dotted along
the Caribbean coast, some as populated as the one we left, while others were
left inexplicably vacant. There were a
few islands that had only one or two buildings and a welcoming beach for
tourists, but the majority was football-field-sized islands crammed with wild
vibrant vegetation.
When we finally reached the
city, I stayed the night with friends who wanted a good meal, a soft mattress,
and an air-conditioned room, luxuries that we often do not get in our daily
lives. During the hike, a friend had
related it to our time in Peace Corps – a memorable, once-in-a-lifetime
experience filled with moments of misery.
Our hike was merely a more concentrated form of misery. But more than once on this trip – swimming in
the cleanest river I’d seen in Panama, partying with a bunch of tiny old women,
eating coconuts and bananas with a family in a bamboo house – I thought with
great satisfaction, This is my life! I
won’t get the chance to go on this hike next year, but if I could, I might be
tempted to forget the concentrated misery and give it a whirl again.